- Indian Heritage
- Culture
- Modern Indian history
- The Freedom Struggle
- Post-independence
- Indian Society
A. population and associated issues
B. poverty and developmental issues
C.urbanization
7. Geographical features
8.Indian Constitution
9. Polity
10. Governance
A. institutions
B. regulatory
C. Government policies
D. role of NGOs
E. measures
11. Social Justice
A. Welfare schemes
India committed to Gender Justice
Gender justice is an important commitment of the Government as enshrined in the Constitution of India. In order to promote a gender just society and increased representation of women in various domains, several steps have been taken by the Government over the years to improve economic and political empowerment and the safety and security of women. These include enactment of criminal laws and special laws like ‘the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005’, ‘the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961’, ‘the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006’; ‘the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986’; ‘the Sexual Harassment of Women (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013’, ‘the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956’, ‘the Commission of Sati Prevention Act, 1987’, ‘the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act, 2012’, ‘the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, etc.
Besides, the Government gives utmost priority to the safety, security and empowerment of women across the country. The Government has adopted multi-pronged approach to address the issue of women on a life-cycle continuum basis for their educational, social, economic and political empowerment so that they become equal partners in fast paced and sustainable national development.
In the past few years, a number of initiatives have been taken for holistic development and empowerment of women in the country.
The initiatives like Samagra Shiksha, Scholarship schemes, Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojna, Swachh Vidyalaya Mission, etc. ensure that schools are girl-friendly especially for vulnerable sections of society and have adequate facilities in place to fulfil their special requirements.
Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education is administering ‘National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology’ (NMEICT) Scheme, SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds), SWAYAM PRABHA, National Digital Library (NDL), Virtual Lab, e-Yantra, NEAT (National Education Alliance for Technology) etc. to ensure quality education through e-learning to students across the country. Under the Pradhan Mantri Vidya Lakshmi Karyakram, Vidya Lakshmi Portal (VLP) has been launched by the Government to ensure that students avail education loans easily through single window system of banks. All Public Sector Banks (PSBs) have been on-boarded on the Portal.
Multiple initiatives in the past years for increasing participation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) have been undertaken. Vigyan Jyoti was launched in 2020 to balance low representation of girls in different streams of Science and Technology from 9th to 12th standards. The Overseas Fellowship Scheme started in 2017-18, provides opportunities to Indian Women Scientist and Technologists to undertake international collaborative research in STEM. Several women scientists have played significant roles in India’s maiden Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), or Mangalyaan, including building and testing the scientific instruments at the Space Application Centre.
NYAYA BANDHU Programme
The Government launched Nyaya Bandhu (Pro-Bono Legal Services) in the year 2017 with the aim to provide a dispensation framework for Pro Bono Legal Services and to advance the culture of pro bono in the country. In order to avail the services of a Pro Bono lawyer, both the applicants and lawyers are required to register on the Nyaya Bandhu Mobile Application (available on Android, iOS and UMANG platform). As on 31st January, 2024, 10,779 Pro Bono advocates have been registered under the Nyaya Bandhu programme from 27 States/UTBar Councils.
B Health
C. Education
D. Human Resources
E. poverty and hunger
12. International relations
A. India and its neighbourhood
B. groupings and agreements
C.Indian diaspora
13. Economic Development
A. Government Budgeting
B. industrial
IPR regime well-equipped to protect AI generated
Intellectual Property Rights including Copyright and Related rights provide exclusive rights to the right owner who are legal persons for a set duration. These rights allow for the work or creation or innovation to be protected and enables collection of royalties through licensing. For a right to be granted, the owner is required to meet the criteria specified under the law. India being a member of all major international conventions and agreements for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights grants adequate protection of rights for works created by legal persons through Copyright Law and protects inventions through the Patent system. Therefore, there is no requirement to create a separate category of rights for AIand related innovations in the Indian IPR Regime. Therefore, while Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related innovations is an evolving stream of technology the current legal framework under the Patent and Copyright Act is well-equipped to protect Artificial Intelligence generated works and related innovations. Presently, there is no proposal to create any separate right so ram end the law in the context of AI-generated content.
The exclusive economic rights of a copyright owner such as the right of reproduction, translation, adaptation etc. granted by the Copyright Act, 1957 obligates the user of Generative AI to obtain permission to use their works for commercial purposes if such use is not covered under the fair dealing exceptions provided under Section 52 of the Copyright Act. Since Intellectual property rights are private rights, these are enforced by the individual rights holders. Adequateand effective civil measures and criminal remedies are prescribed under the Copyright Law against any act of infringement or unauthorized use of works, including digital circumvention.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana
The Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) has been implementing an umbrella scheme- Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) since 2017-18 across the country. PMKSY is a comprehensive package of component schemes, which is aimed at creation of modern infrastructure with efficient supply chain management from farm gate to retail outlet. It provides a boost to the growth of food processing sector in the country, helps in providing better prices to farmers, creates employment opportunities especially in the rural areas, reduces wastage of agricultural produce, increases the processing level and enhances the export of the processed foods. During the last three years i.e. 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23 and 2023-24 (till 31.01.2024), 540 projects have been approved under the component schemes of PMKSY; and 399 projects have been completed resulting in creation of 86.06 Lakh Metric Ton (LMT) processing and 22.63 LMT preservation capacities.
Rivers Used For Waterways
Out of 111 National Waterways (NWs) declared vide National Waterways Act, 2016, 15 NWs are in Assam. Consequent upon completion of feasibility studies/Detailed Project Reports,8 NWs of Assam including inter-State have been found feasible for transportation, details of which is given in Annexure – 1.For development of under mentioned 4 NWs of Assam, steps taken by Government are mentioned below;-
(i) NW-2 (River Brahmaputra):-
(a) Comprehensive development of NWs at a cost of INR 474 cr. approved which include Fairway Development, Terminal at Jogighopa, Tourist-cum-Cargo Inland Water Transport (IWT) Terminal at Bogibeel etc.
(b) Construction of alternative elevated road to Pandu Port to NH-27 at estimated cost of Rs.180 Cr. taken up
(c) Construction of ship repair facility at Pandu (Guwahati) at estimated cost of Rs. 208 Cr. taken up.
(ii) NW-16 (River Barak):- Comprehensive development of NW-16 and Indo-Bangladesh Protocol (IBP) route at a cost of Rs. 148 crore approved which include fairway development and works viz. Up-gradation of Badarpur and Karimganj terminals, Construction of terminal at Maia on Ganga River and Construction of Terminal at Sonamura on Gumti river.
Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS)
A total Capital Investment subsidy of Rs. 1,416.50 crore has been released in 6,448 cases under Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS) in last three years (FY 2020-21 to FY 2022-23). In addition, a total of Rs. 439.43 crore has been disbursed as Interest Reimbursement/Margin Money Subsidy under the committed liabilities of old versions of TUFS, making the total release under ATUFS during last three years as Rs. 1,855.93 crore across the country. Capital Investment subsidy of Rs. 166.69 crore has been released in 545 cases under ATUFS and Rs. 9.38 crore has been disbursed as Interest Reimbursement/Margin Money Subsidy under the committed liabilities of old versions of TUFS to the units located in the State of Tamil Nadu making total release under ATUFS as Rs. 176.07 crore.
E.issues
14. Technology
15. Environment
Environmental Regulations at Ports
The Government has notified various environmental regulations to be followed by Ports such as Environmental Impact Assessment / Notification, 2006, Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2019, The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008, etc. India is also signatory to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) adopted by the United Nations’ specialized agency in Maritime field International Maritime Organization (IMO). The provisions of the said Conventions have been incorporated in the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958.
Government of India has established regulatory authorities for obtaining prior environmental clearance before taking up any construction work of the project, Environmental Appraisal Committee (EAC), Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change for Category – A projects; for Category – B State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA).
16. Security
17. Disaster Management